{"created":"2023-05-15T12:16:56.009973+00:00","id":484,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"b995a734-e955-4f87-b80a-d53fb1167e42"},"_deposit":{"created_by":3,"id":"484","owners":[3],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"484"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:tuis.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000484","sets":["1:4:45:57"]},"author_link":["2081","2082","2083","2084","2085","2086","2087","2088","2089","2090","2091","2092"],"control_number":"484","item_1701328008552":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"東京情報大学","subitem_publisher_language":"ja"}]},"item_1_biblio_info_14":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2012-09-30","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicIssueNumber":"1","bibliographicPageEnd":"46","bibliographicPageStart":"33","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"16","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"東京情報大学研究論集","bibliographic_titleLang":"ja"}]}]},"item_1_creator_6":{"attribute_name":"著者名(日)","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"安武, 諒","creatorNameLang":"ja"},{"creatorName":"ヤスタケ, リョウ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"山口, 崇志","creatorNameLang":"ja"},{"creatorName":"ヤマグチ, タカシ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"マッキン, ケネス ジェームス","creatorNameLang":"ja"},{"creatorName":"マッキン, ケネス ジェームス","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"永井, 保夫","creatorNameLang":"ja"},{"creatorName":"ナガイ, ヤスオ","creatorNameLang":"ja-Kana"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Yasutake, Ryo","creatorNameLang":"en"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Yamaguchi, Takashi","creatorNameLang":"en"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Mackin, Kenneth James","creatorNameLang":"en"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Nagai, Yasuo","creatorNameLang":"en"}]}]},"item_1_creator_7":{"attribute_name":"著者名よみ","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_1_creator_8":{"attribute_name":"著者名(英)","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_1_description_1":{"attribute_name":"ページ属性","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"P(論文)","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_description_11":{"attribute_name":"抄録(日)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"ゲームAIとはビデオゲームにおける人工知能技術のことであり、一般的にはプレイヤーに対して、知性を感じさせる存在のことを指す。ゲームAIでは、ゲームの挙動が違和感ないように見せることが要求される。特に、コンピューターが操作するキャラクターの制御を行うキャラクターAIは、ゲーム内におけるキャラクターの人間らしい思考・動作を表現するものであり、プレイヤーに直接認識される部分である。そのため、より知性の表現が重要となり、ゲームAIの人間らしさを担っている。本研究は、ゲーム内におけるキャラクターの人間らしい思考・動作を表現することで、ゲームAIのリアリティを追求することを目標としている。ここで、ゲームAIの人間らしさを、AIに対しプレイヤーが人間であると感じる(錯覚する)ことであるとする。しかし、この人間らしさとは曖昧なものであり、その評価は個人の主観的体験によって判断される。そのため、客観的な評価に基づく具体的な判断基準が確立されていない。本研究では、ゲームAIの人間らしさを、客観的に評価する手法の確立を目的とし、ビデオゲームへのチューリングテスト適用方法の検討を行った。実験には、FSM(Finite State Machine:有限状態機械)を用いて作成したAIを使用した。これは、ゲーム制作において一般的に適用されているためである。また、AIは比較評価のために状態数の異なる2種類のFSMを作成した。一方は、相手を発見したら追跡するだけの単純なものである。もう一方は、状態数を増やし協調性を考慮して設計した。この2つを比較したとき、協調性を考慮したAIの方が単純追跡AIよりも状態数が多い分複雑な動きをするため、評価が高くなると想定される。テスト結果において、協調性を考慮したAIの方が高い評価値になったならば、ゲームAIの比較評価が正しくできたと言え、チューリングテスト適用の有効性が認められる。結果として、チューリングテストは、人間の主観に基づく評価を定量的に表わすことができ、正しく比較評価することができた。このことから、ビデオゲームへのチューリングテスト適用における、客観的評価の有効性が確認できた。しかしながら、AI同士の比較評価では相対評価に留まってしまうことがわかった。そこで、人間同士によるチューリングテストを行い、人間のゲーム操作から、被験者が感じる人間らしさを表す評価尺度を設定した。その結果、評価値は中央に収束することがわかり、中央値をゲームAIの人間らしさにおける評価の基準値として設定した。これにより、相対評価に留まっていたゲームAIの評価を、絶対評価で行うことができた。","subitem_description_language":"ja","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_description_12":{"attribute_name":"抄録(英)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Game AI is artificial intelligence technology applied to video games, and in broad terms refers to the presence of intelligence a human player feels in a video game. One requirement of Game AI is that the game behavior is natural and realistic. In particular, character AI, which is responsible for the human-like decision and behavior of the computer controlled character in the game, is directly recognized by the human player. Therefore, realizing an intelligent character AI becomes an important factor in creating a realistic and human-like Game AI.The goal of this research is to pursue the reality of Game AI by realizing a character AI that makes human-like decisions and behavior. Here, the\" human-likeness\" of Game AI is defined to be the likelihood that a human player feels, or is eluded, that the controller of the character is human. However, this\" human-likeness\" is ambiguous and subjective evaluation is judged by individual experience. Hence, a concrete criterion based on objective evaluation has not yet been established. In this research, a method to objectively evaluate the\" human-likeness\" of Game AI by applying the Turing Test to video games is proposed.In this paper, Finite State Machine(FSM) was used to create the tested AI. FSM is commonly used to model AI used in action video games. 2 types of the FSM models with different number of states were created for evaluation. The first model is a simple model only taking into account the location of the opponent. The second model has increased number of states and takes into account the location of friendly players as well, in order to realize cooperative behavior. The expectation is that the second, more complicated FSM model should get higher\" human-likeness\" marks. If the proposed method to objectively evaluate the\" human-likeness\" of Game AI can correctly rank the 2 different models, then the validity of the proposed method of applying the Turing Test to Game AI can be shown.The experiment results showed that the proposed Turing Test method can be used to quantitatively compare evaluations based on subjective human evaluation. From this result, the validity of applying the Turing Test to video games for objective evaluation was confirmed. However, the quantitative results of compared Game AI could only be used for relative evaluation, since there is no absolute evaluation measure. Therefore, the same Turing Test was performed using human players only, in order to find the absolute evaluation measure for a true\" human-like\" character. The results showed that for true\" human-likeness\", the evaluation results converged in the center of the proposed reference scale. From this result, the proposed method was shown to be useful for both relative and absolute evaluation of Game AI.","subitem_description_language":"en","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_1_source_id_13":{"attribute_name":"雑誌書誌ID","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"AA11155514","subitem_source_identifier_type":"NCID"}]},"item_1_text_10":{"attribute_name":"著者所属(英)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_language":"en","subitem_text_value":"Tokyo University of Information Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics"},{"subitem_text_language":"en","subitem_text_value":"Tokyo University of Information Sciences, Faculty of Informatics, Department of Information Systems"},{"subitem_text_language":"en","subitem_text_value":"Tokyo University of Information Sciences, Faculty of Informatics, Department of Information Systems"},{"subitem_text_language":"en","subitem_text_value":"Tokyo University of Information Sciences, Faculty of Informatics, Department of Information Systems"}]},"item_1_text_9":{"attribute_name":"著者所属(日)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_language":"ja","subitem_text_value":"東京情報大学大学院総合情報学研究科"},{"subitem_text_language":"ja","subitem_text_value":"東京情報大学総合情報学部情報システム学科"},{"subitem_text_language":"ja","subitem_text_value":"東京情報大学総合情報学部情報システム学科"},{"subitem_text_language":"ja","subitem_text_value":"東京情報大学総合情報学部情報システム学科"}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2012-09-30"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"KJ00008091079.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.4 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","license_note":"TUIS","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"KJ00008091079","url":"https://tuis.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/484/files/KJ00008091079.pdf"},"version_id":"953b69b3-830f-4ed7-96ad-c8abe5731835"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"ゲームAI","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"チューリングテスト","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"客観的評価","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"有限状態機械","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"協調性","subitem_subject_language":"ja","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"game AI","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"turing test","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"objective evaluation","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"finite state machine","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"cooperation","subitem_subject_language":"en","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"departmental bulletin paper","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"チューリングテストによるゲームAIの客観的評価","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"チューリングテストによるゲームAIの客観的評価","subitem_title_language":"ja"},{"subitem_title":"Using the Turing Test for Objective Evaluation of Game AI","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"1","owner":"3","path":["57"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2012-09-30"},"publish_date":"2012-09-30","publish_status":"0","recid":"484","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["チューリングテストによるゲームAIの客観的評価"],"weko_creator_id":"3","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-12-22T01:55:06.214312+00:00"}